+ - 0:00:00
Notes for current slide
Notes for next slide

How does plankton inform what we know about marine biodiversity?

François Michonneau

February 27th, 2017

1 / 27

We don't know enough about biodiversity

How many species?

2 / 27

We don't know enough about biodiversity

How many species?

2 / 27

We don't know enough about biodiversity

How many species?

Where do species live?

3 / 27

We don't know enough about biodiversity

How many species?

Where do species live?

Questions:

  • What is the impact of pollution, perturbations?
  • Which species are invasive?
  • How does global change affect communities?
3 / 27

What can we do?

4 / 27

What can we do?

Traditional Biodiversity Surveys

5 / 27

What can we do?

DNA barcoding

6 / 27

What can we do?

Metabarcoding

7 / 27

What can we do?

Barcoding

What can it tell us?

  • Species delineation, speeds up taxonomy
  • Works on all stages of the life cycle
  • Associated with museum specimens and photographs

8 / 27

What can we do?

Metabarcoding

What can it tell us?

  • Number of species
  • Where are the species distributed?
  • Applicable to many types of environmental samples
  • Well-suited for monitoring

Pre-requisites

  • Comprehensive and accurate databases
  • Need to ground truth the results

9 / 27

Questions

Which species live in the area?

10 / 27

Questions

Which species live in the area?

How well do we know the fauna?

10 / 27

Project design

Plankton sampling

  • Capture in a single habitat a diversity of species
  • Bi-monthly sampling for a year
  • Document larval stages of local species
11 / 27

Project design

Plankton sampling

  • Capture in a single habitat a diversity of species
  • Bi-monthly sampling for a year
  • Document larval stages of local species

DNA barcoding on individual larvae

11 / 27

Project design

Plankton sampling

  • Capture in a single habitat a diversity of species
  • Bi-monthly sampling for a year
  • Document larval stages of local species

DNA barcoding on individual larvae

Metabarcoding on full plankton tows

11 / 27

How many species?

Sampling effort

  • Number of larvae sequenced: 433
  • Number of species sequenced: 253

12 / 27

Known diversity

  • Number of known species found in the plankton: 62 (out of 253)
  • Breakdown by phylum (0 match for Platyhelminthes, Phoronida, Acoelomorpha):

13 / 27

Known diversity

14 / 27

Known diversity

14 / 27

How to interpret these numbers?

15 / 27

How to interpret these numbers?

If only we knew the total number of species...

Instead we have:

  • Expert faunistic lists

    • most comprehensive, limited in geographic scope
16 / 27

How to interpret these numbers?

If only we knew the total number of species...

Instead we have:

  • Expert faunistic lists

    • most comprehensive, limited in geographic scope

  • Museum specimens

    • can be validated, not everything digitized
16 / 27

How to interpret these numbers?

If only we knew the total number of species...

Instead we have:

  • Expert faunistic lists

    • most comprehensive, limited in geographic scope

  • Museum specimens

    • can be validated, not everything digitized

  • Described species

    • almost complete, only captures described species
16 / 27

How to interpret these numbers?

If only we knew the total number of species...

Instead we have:

  • Expert faunistic lists

    • most comprehensive, limited in geographic scope

  • Museum specimens

    • can be validated, not everything digitized

  • Described species

    • almost complete, only captures described species

  • Species occurences

    • good for species ranges, difficult to validate
16 / 27

How to interpert these numbers?

Instead we have:

  • Expert faunistic lists

  • Museum specimens ⟶ iDigBio

  • Described species ⟶ WoRMS

  • Species occurences ⟶ GBIF, OBIS

17 / 27

How to interpert these numbers?

Instead we have:

  • Expert faunistic lists

  • Museum specimens ⟶ iDigBio

  • Described species ⟶ WoRMS

  • Species occurences ⟶ GBIF, OBIS

First synthesis of knowledge for marine invertebrates

  • How much of what we know is captured in these databases?

  • How much do we know?

  • What should we do next?

17 / 27

Expert lists

  • Kozloff's "Marine Invertebrates of the Pacific Northwest"

    • 2705 species

  • Felder and Camp's "Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota"

    • 8570 species
18 / 27

Expert lists ‒ Pacific Northwest

19 / 27

Expert lists ‒ Gulf of Mexico

20 / 27

Museum Records

21 / 27

Museum Records

22 / 27

Museum Records

23 / 27

Museum Records

24 / 27

Museum Records

25 / 27

Proportion barcoded

26 / 27

Recommendations

  • More sampling

    • Proportion of species known from a single specimen: 27.2%
    • Proportion of species known from less than 5 specimens: 59.5%
    • Proprotion of species not collected since 1980: 41.2%
    • Number of species added:
      • between 1960 and 1970: 1163
      • since 2000: 498
    • Need more information about small phyla
27 / 27

Recommendations

  • More sampling

    • Proportion of species known from a single specimen: 27.2%
    • Proportion of species known from less than 5 specimens: 59.5%
    • Proprotion of species not collected since 1980: 41.2%
    • Number of species added:
      • between 1960 and 1970: 1163
      • since 2000: 498
    • Need more information about small phyla

  • Use metabarcoding and existing data to inform future sampling effort

27 / 27

Recommendations

  • More sampling

    • Proportion of species known from a single specimen: 27.2%
    • Proportion of species known from less than 5 specimens: 59.5%
    • Proprotion of species not collected since 1980: 41.2%
    • Number of species added:
      • between 1960 and 1970: 1163
      • since 2000: 498
    • Need more information about small phyla

  • Use metabarcoding and existing data to inform future sampling effort

  • Improve bioinformatics tools to get better species assignment of not barcoded taxa

27 / 27

We don't know enough about biodiversity

How many species?

2 / 27
Paused

Help

Keyboard shortcuts

↑, ←, Pg Up, k Go to previous slide
↓, →, Pg Dn, Space, j Go to next slide
Home Go to first slide
End Go to last slide
Number + Return Go to specific slide
b / m / f Toggle blackout / mirrored / fullscreen mode
c Clone slideshow
p Toggle presenter mode
t Restart the presentation timer
?, h Toggle this help
Esc Back to slideshow